Student loans in Canada

Government Loans
Canadian citizens, permanent residents of Canada, and protected persons (including convention refugees)[1] are normally eligible for loans provided by the federal government, through the Canada Student Loans Program (CSLP), in addition to loans provided by their province of residence. Loans issued to full-time students are interest free while a student is in full-time studies, (as long as the maximum number of eligible weeks has not been reached) - the interest is paid by the government during the interest free period. When they are no longer in school, the loans immediately begin to accumulate interest. Repayment usually begins after 6 months at which time the accumulated interest is added to the loan amount. In most cases, the loan(s) must be repaid within 10 years after completion of studies.

Funding is available for part-time students through the CSLP (provincial student loans are not available). Part-time students must make interest payments while in study and begin payments of principal and interest when they cease to be a part-time student. Grants may supplement loans to aid students who face particular barriers to accessing post-secondary education, such as students with permanent disabilities or students from low-income families.

Students must apply for the Canadian and provincial loans through their provincial government. The rules for what determines your province of residence vary, but normally it is defined as where you have most recently lived for at least 12 consecutive months, not including any time you spent as a full-time student at a post-secondary institution. In most cases, the province of residence is the province one lived in before becoming a post-secondary student.

Canada Student Loans (CSL) of up to $210 per week of full-time study or 60% of the student's assessed need (the lesser of these) can be issued per loan year (August 1–July 31). Loans issued through provincial programs will normally provide students with enough funding to cover the balance of their assessed need. Part-time loans of up to $4,000 can be made, but a student cannot be more than $4,000 in debt on part-time loans at any one time. All Canadian students may also be eligible for the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation Bursary (CMS Grant), and other grants provided by their province of residence.

For example, students in British Columbia may be eligible for a maximum of $14,300 combined loan and grant funding per year.

Students in professional programs
Most charter banks in Canada have specific programs for students in professional programs (e.g., medicine) that can provide more funds than usual in the form of a line of credit, sometimes with lower interest rates as well. Students may also be eligible for government loans that are interest free while in school on top of this line of credit, as private loans do not count against government loans/grants.

Loan Administration and Repayment
The Canada Student Loan (sometimes referred to as the National Student Loan) is administered by National Student Loan Service Centre [4] under contract to Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC). Students have the choice of opting for a fixed interest rate of prime interest rate + 5%, or a floating interest rate of prime interest rate + 2.5%.

Based on the HRSDC student loan calculator [5], and assuming a prime interest rate of 4.5%, a standard 10-year (114 month) repayment period, and a loan of $30,000:

- if the Floating Interest option is selected, monthly payments will be $361.02 (principal and interest), resulting in total payments of $41,156.77 ($30,000 principal + $11,156.77 interest) over the life of the repayment.

- if the Fixed Interest option is selected, monthly payments will be $400.50 (principal and interest), resulting in payments of $45,657.54 ($30,000 principal + $16,657.54 interest).

Repayment Assistance
CSLP offers a number of programs to assist students who find themselves facing financial difficulty during repayment. Among these programs are:
- Interest Relief [6], which is designed to help students meet repayment obligations if they are temporarily unable to make payments on their government student loans because of unemployment or low income. Interest Relief is granted for periods of six months, up to a maximum of 30 months. Some exceptions may apply. Students may also be eligible for a further 24 months of Extended Interest Relief. Once approved for Interest Relief, students are not required to make payments on either the monthly interest or the outstanding principal of their loan(s) (the federal and/or provincial government will pay the interest on a student's behalf).

- Debt Reduction in Repayment [7] is designed to help students facing long-term financial difficulties manage the repayment of their Student Loan(s). DRR lowers the principal amount of a loan, thereby reducing the monthly loan payment to an affordable level based on family income. A student can receive up to three reductions (totaling up to $26,000) on their Canada Student Loan principal during their lifetime, depending on financial circumstances.

- Revision of Terms [8] is a feature that provides students with the flexibility to manage loan repayment in a way that is responsive to individual situations. It can be used to decrease the monthly payments by increasing the repayment period (from the standard 10 years up to 15 years) should a student find the standard terms difficult to maintain. It can be used to increase loan payments by reducing the repayment period, allowing more rapid repayment of a loan.

- Permanent Disability Benefit [9] allows for the reduction of loans for students who are experiencing exceptional financial hardship due to a permanent disability. The eligibility criteria varies based on date of loan negotiation and lender. A recent Access to Information request indicated that over 60% of applicants to this program were denied loan forgiveness.